Wednesday, October 1, 2014

Ebola Virus

Ebola Virus

What Is Ebola?

Ans. Ebola is a disease of humans and other primates caused by an ebola virus. It's symptoms start showing up two days to three weeks after contracting the virus, with a feversore throatmuscle pain and headaches. Typically, vomiting,diarrhea and rash follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. Around this time, affected people may begin to bleed both within the body and externally.

Causes:

EVD is caused by four of five viruses classified in the genus Ebolavirus, family Filoviridae, orderMononegavirales. The four disease-causing viruses are Bundibugyo virus (BDBV), Sudan virus (SUDV),Taï Forest virus (TAFV), and one called simply, Ebola virus (EBOV, formerly Zaire Ebola virus). Ebola virus is the sole member of the Zaire ebolavirus species, and the most dangerous of the known Ebola disease-causing viruses, as well as being responsible for the largest number of outbreaks. The fifth virus, Reston virus (RESTV), is not thought to be disease-causing in humans. The five Ebola viruses are closely related to the Marburg viruses.

Transmission:

Human-to-human transmission can occur via direct contact with blood or bodily fluids from an infected person (including embalming of an infected dead person) or by contact with objects contaminated by the virus, particularly needles and syringes. The potential for widespread EVD infections is considered low as the disease is only spread by direct contact with the secretions from someone who is showing signs of infection. The symptoms limit a person's ability to spread the disease as they are often too sick to travel.Because dead bodies are still infectious, local traditional burial rituals may spread the disease. Nearly two thirds of cases of Ebola in Guinea during the 2014 outbreak are believed to be due to burial practices.Semen may be infectious in survivors for up to 3 months. It is not entirely clear how an Ebola outbreak is initially started. The initial infection is believed to occur after ebola virus is transmitted to a human by contact with an infected animal's body fluids.
One of the primary reasons for spread is that the health systems in the part of Africa where the disease occurs function poorly. Medical workers who do not wear appropriate protective clothing may contract the disease. Hospital-acquired transmission has occurred in African countries due to the reuse of needles and lack of universal precautions. Some health care centers caring for people with the disease do not have running water.
Airborne transmission has not been documented during EVD outbreaks. They are, however, infectious as breathable 0.8– to 1.2-μm laboratory-generated droplets.The virus has been shown to travel, without contact, from pigs to primates, although the same study failed to demonstrate similar transmission between non-human primates.
Bats drop partially eaten fruits and pulp, then land mammals such as gorillas and duikers feed on these fallen fruits. This chain of events forms a possible indirect means of transmission from the natural host to animal populations, which has led to research towards viral shedding in the saliva of bats. Fruit production, animal behavior, and other factors vary at different times and places that may trigger outbreaks among animal populations.

Damages:

Endothelial cellsmacrophages, monocytes, and liver cells are the main targets of infection. After infection, a secreted glycoprotein (sGP) known as the Ebola virus glycoprotein (GP) is synthesized. Ebola replication overwhelms protein synthesis of infected cells and host immune defenses. The GP forms atrimeric complex, which binds the virus to the endothelial cells lining the interior surface of blood vessels. The sGP forms a dimeric protein that interferes with the signaling of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, which allows the virus to evade the immune system by inhibiting early steps of neutrophil activation. These white blood cells also serve as carriers to transport the virus throughout the entire body to places such as the lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and spleen.
The presence of viral particles and cell damage resulting from budding causes the release of chemical signals (to be specific, TNF-αIL-6IL-8, etc.), which are the signaling molecules for fever and inflammation. The cytopathic effect, from infection in the endothelial cells, results in a loss of vascular integrity. This loss in vascular integrity is furthered with synthesis of GP, which reduces specific integrinsresponsible for cell adhesion to the inter-cellular structure, and damage to the liver, which leads to improper clotting.

Diagnosis:

The Virus can be diagnosed by getting a blood check up and getting it searched for antibodies or detecting the virus RNA or Protein through Blood samples.


Preventions:


The risk of transmission is increased among those caring for people infected. Recommended measures when caring for those who are infected include isolating them, sterilizing equipment and surfaces, and wearing protective clothing including masks, gloves, gowns, and goggles. If a person with Ebola dies, direct contact with the body of the deceased patient should be avoided.
In order to reduce the spread, the World Health Organization recommends raising community awareness of the risk factors for Ebola infection and the protective measures individuals can take. These include avoiding contact with infected people and regular hand washing using soap and water. Traditionalburial rituals, especially those requiring washing or embalming of bodies, should be discouraged or modified.Airline crews are instructed to isolate anyone who has symptoms resembling Ebola virus.
The Ebola virus can be eliminated with heat (heating for 30 to 60 minutes at 60 °C or boiling for 5 minutes). On surfaces, some lipid solvents such as some alcohol-based products, detergents, sodium hypochlorite (bleach) or calcium hypochlorite (bleaching powder), and other suitable disinfectants at appropriate concentrations can be used as disinfectants.
In laboratories where diagnostic testing is carried out, biosafety level 4-equivalent containment is World Health Organization Risk Group 4 pathogens. Laboratory researchers must be properly trained in BSL-4 practices and wear proper personal protective equipment.
required, since Ebola viruses are 


Treatment:

No ebolavirus-specific treatment is currently approved.-Wikipedia

Face Types

FINDING YOUR FACE SHAPE


There are so many face shapes in this world. It seems like every time I read a story about finding “the right haircut” there are only 4 (maybe 5) face shapes to choose from– but not everyone can be squeezed into those little boxes. Over the years, I’ve spoken with many people who have always thought they were one face shape (and followed the guides for that face shape) only to learn that their face was another shape entirely. Perfect example– one of my clients had  always thought she had a heart shaped face just because she had a pointed chin like Reese Witherspoon. The thing is, you can have the pointed chin of someone who has a heart-shaped face but if your hairline is more narrow, as my client’s was, you would fall more in the diamond family.
In the beauty industry, whether it's makeup, hair- or even clothing- being discussed, face shape plays a part.
Though every person's face is unique, it's generally accepted that there are seven basic face shapes. And though many people may not have thought about the shape of their face, there are many whose faces have characteristics they don't love.
Whichever category you fit into, there are simple things you can do to enhance your best features and bring forward your best 'you.' Here, we explain the characteristics of each face shape, how to determine which general shape you have, and some quick tips to enhance those features that are your most beautiful.
The main idea behind the hairstyling tips is to make your face shape, whichever shape it is, look balanced and proportionate.
OVAL
The oval face shape is considered (in hairstyling textbooks, anyway) to be "ideal." The reason is that oval face shapes are well-balanced, not overly sharp or angular, and not overly rounded or full. I disagree with the principle that there is one "ideal" face shape. I genuinely believe that other face shapes- and a whole variety of different features- are truly beautiful.
The oval face shape is widest at the cheekbones, but not by much. It narrows a tiny bit at the jawline and at the forehead. The width of the forehead and the width of the jawline (corner to corner) is nearly equal.
Because the oval face shape is so well-balanced, it tends to look proportionate and nice with pretty much any hairstyle or length. Long or short, curly or straight, bangs or no bangs... there's really not much you can do with the hair that will make the face shape itself look unbalanced.
People with an oval face really can play with different styles. There's not much that won't look good with their face... unless it's something that's just plain out of style.
SQUARE

The square face and round face are the two most common face shapes. The square face does not narrow much from the cheekbone to the forehead, nor from the cheekbone to the jawline. The square face may also look angular- the jawline may appear sharply-angled at the corners, and even the forehead may be squared off.
The way to enhance a square face is to steer clear of blunt bangs, center parts, and blunt, jaw-length bobs. Try side-swept bangs, curl or waviness, and layers to bring softness to the angles of this face. Also, part your hair on the side, and if you pull your hair back, leave some wispy pieces hanging around your face. Short to medium length hairstyles suits the square face shape, because of the strong jaw.
ROUND
Round face shapes are exactly as they sound- the widest point is across the cheekbones, narrowing some at the forehead and jawline. This face shape is not angular at all, and is wider than the typical oval or oblong face.
When working with a round face shape, you may want to avoid any hairstyle that's ear-length. (This length gives a wider appearance.) Also, avoid blunt-cut straight bangs and styles that add volume or curl to the sides without any up on top. The most balanced and flattering styles on a round face are those that add fullness at the crown or top of the head, as well as longer styles with little width. Wispy bangs or side-swept bangs are best, and very short styles can work as well. (Just not ear-length.)
TRIANGLE or PEAR
The triangle or pear shaped face is most narrow at the forehead, and widest at the jawline. The jawline may be angular or rounded.
The triangle face shape is most complemented by short hairstyles that have volume at the top, crown, and/or temple areas. Curl and wave works well here. Avoid chin-length styles, particularly if the hair is straight. For longer styles, use short to medium layers to keep some volume up top that tapers toward the bottom. Also with longer lengths, the jaw will be best balanced with waves or curled-in layers rather than layers that flip outward.
HEART or INVERTED TRIANGLE
The heart shaped face is sometimes called the inverted triangle, particularly if the hairline doesn't come to a point on the forehead. This face shape is the opposite of the triangle or pear; it is widest at the forehead and it narrows toward the jawline. The jaw is the most narrow area of the face. Again, it may be angular or more rounded.
People with heart shaped faces may want to avoid blunt-cut, straight bangs, as they will make the face appear shorter and the forehead wider. Slick-backed styles will have the same effect. Chin-length and jaw-length bobs look fantastic on this face shape. Texture such as curl, wave and long layers also accentuate its features. Try side-swept bangs, side parts, and wispy layers to create balance to this pretty face shape.
OBLONG
The oblong face shape is rectangular, and has similar qualities as the square face shape except that it's longer. It tends to be angular, but not always. Oblong faces are pretty straight, with the cheekbones not any or much wider than the forehead and jawline.
What to avoid: center parts, no-bangs or slicked-back styles, chin-length styles with no texture or fullness, and styles that add volume on top but not at the sides. The best styles for this face are full, textured styles- think curl or wave, and layers. Short and medium length styles work well on this face, like 'wedge' cuts and graduated bobs that are shorter than the jawline. Shoulder length cuts with layers that kick out or have texture are flattering, as are side parts and blunt cut bangs.
DIAMOND
Diamond face shapes are not so common. They are characterized by a narrow forehead and jawline, with the cheekbones being the widest point of the face. The cheekbones are often high and defined on this face shape.
With diamond faces, the goal is to add fullness or texture at the forehead and jawline, and to avoid fullness only at the cheekbone area. Short styles can work well on this face, but they should be shorter than ear-length and should include some sort of bangs. Center parts also tend to create an unbalanced look on this face. Along with short styles, chin-length and shoulder-length styles are also great choices. You may use a flat iron to make the ends kick out or look choppy. Blunt cut, straight bangs highlight this face's beautiful cheekbones, as do side parts. Even tucking hair behind the ears shows off the gorgeous cheekbone features this face shape has.


The bottom line when it comes to face shapes is that each has positive attributes that can be accentuated with the appropriate hair cut, style and texture. There is no 'perfect' face shape, so work with what you've got, get recommendations from your stylist, and become the most 'perfect' you you can be.

Personality Building

To Build a Strong personality you'll first have to know that what is basically a Personality?

Ans. The term Personality refers to enduring personal characteristics that are revealed in a particular pattern of behaviour in a variety of situations.Now Coming to the point we'll go step by step to groom your personality:



1.Get to Know who you are:



One needs to start with taking a good look at themselves,analyzing their traits, the strengths and weaknesses and everything that needs to be worked upon. Don’t shy away from accepting your flaws and learn about yourself as much as you can.The most tiresome thing after having no opinions is trying to be something you're not. Molding yourself in order to fit in, or be accepted, usually backfires. Since each of us is unique, expressing that uniqueness is what makes us interesting. Attempting to be a carbon copy of someone else not only falls flat, but reveals a lack of authenticity. 

2.Be a better listener:


Being a good listener may not seem like but it is an important step towards achieving a more likable personality. When somebody talks to you, listen with interest and give them all the attention and importance. Maintain a direct eye contact and do not get distracted by the surroundings. It will help you in knowing a better deal about people and attending them in a better way.




3.Be a good conversationalist:



This relates to how much you read and know. Once you have much to contribute, learn how to talk about it with others. No one can read about or know everything, so it's refreshing to learn from others those things we don't have the time to about read ourselves. If you happen to be shy, join a group like Toastmasters that encourages you to talk about what you know.



4.Be fun and see the humorous side of life.

Everyone enjoys the company of someone who makes them laugh, or smile, so look for the humorous, quirky side in a situation - there always is one. Comic relief is a much welcome and needed diversion at times. When you can add fun and lightheartedness to an otherwise dull or gloomy setting, others will naturally be attracted to you, not to mention grateful.







5.Read more and expand your interests.
The more you read and cultivate new interests, the more interesting you are to others. When you meet new people it gives you the opportunity to share what you know and to exchange your views with them.









The other day I was thinking about how it’s just as important to work on your character as it is to work on your outer appearance, and how at the end of the day, your image is useless if there’s no personality behind it to communicate.
Then the question arose: what are the most EFFECTIVE ways to build an attractive personality?
I’m always working on some part of myself that I want to develop. Currently I’m trying to learn how to become a better storyteller. I wasn’t making any progress for awhile but quickly realized that I was taking the wrong approach of trying to learn it all on my own. I didn’t know what worked and what didn’t, and how I could work on these traits more effectively.
Through this process I was reminded that many guys are trying to become a better version of themselves, but are struggling to do so because they are spending too much of their energy reinventing the wheel instead of modeling after those who are already on the ride.
Something like storytelling isn’t something you can improve at by yourself. Alone, the process can be slow and full of mistakes, but by surrounding yourself with some of the best, you cut down the learning time tremendously by picking up on the crucial principles and details that only experiential success can bring. Basically, you’ll be set on the path that guarantees results if you stick to it. All you have to do is follow through.

You become the average of those who you’re constantly around.

Early today, I was eating breakfast and watching this commercial on television that featured a white girl, an Asian girl, and a black girl. I was busy eating my food and wasn’t even watching the screen, but just by listening I could clearly make out which girl was which from their accents.
The white girl had a slight New York accent that I made out in a split second (which was easy because I’m from New York), and the Asian girl spoke in a subtle, but distinguishable Asian accent, which I could tell from her slight overcompensation in pronouncing her words. The black girl had an attitude in her voice like she was from the ghetto.
This has nothing to do with racial background, but more about where these people grew up. The way they talk might have nothing to do with where they are specifically from either, but the people around them. Most of the time these people have NO idea that they have these accents, but they have them because of the people they surround themselves with.
The fastest and most effective way to grow a part of your personality is to surround yourself with people who already have what you want.
Have you ever caught yourself acting just like the friends you hang around most?
Most of this is subconscious.
It might be certain vocabulary you use, the tonality in how you say a word, or even your attitude towards life. When we hang around people long enough, we inevitably move towards similar behaviors, beliefs, and ways of living without even thinking about it.
Choose who you surround yourself with carefully, because they could be rubbing off on you, in both beneficial or detrimental ways. We can easily become a sponge that absorbs the behaviors of those we stay in contact with most.

The Mastermind Group

Coined by Napolean Hill, a man who studied thousands of the most successful people in the world and distilled the commonalities into the principles in the book, Think and Grow Rich, the “mastermind group” is a must for anyone serious about growth…
This doesn’t mean you should be going into panic mode and start cutting off contact with anyone who you believe isn’t serving your growth. Everyone has attractive qualities to their personality. For example, your friend might be horrible in a social setting but a genius when it comes to computers. If you want to build your computer savvy, you’ll learn faster from him than if you were to try and learn by yourself through books alone.
For example, earlier in my life I used to hang out with a lot of gut-busting-ly funny people. These guys were comedic geniuses, throwing an entire room into uncontrollable laughter at will. The more I was around these people, the funnier I became. In the beginning I picked up some jokes and material that I would use with others. Just imitating certain lines was a huge improvement. But with time, I began to understand the nuances that made a joke not only funny, but absolutely killer. I began to “see the matrix” in terms of delivering the hook, the timing, and the attitude that results in great humor. Now, I’m confident that I can bring out my own unique humor in any situation because of the principles I’ve learned from the masters and honed through my own experience.
This is definitely true for developing your style. Surround yourself with the most stylish people you can find, and see how great of an impact it has on your own image.
I just want to note that you can surround yourself with successful people through books, tapes, videos, or whatever way you can find until you create a direct relationship with one in the area of your choice. However, a direct relationship with successful people has so many more benefits including having a “coach” who has been through the process to help you through your obstacles, having someone who you can bounce ideas with, and having that “real life” example of success to fuel your belief.
So take a look at yourself and some personality traits you might want to develop. Then start to look for people who have these traits, and make an effort to hang out with them.  Once you start doing that, you can start modeling them and implementing what they do.

Making The Experience Yours

You can’t just read the walkthroughs and say you know how to beat a video game. It’s only through personal experience that you can show others you’re for real. Experience is something that you can’t fake. You may be able to initially, but people will see through it sooner or later.
Once you’ve surrounded yourself with great people, you can choose to just sit there and watch them be great, or you can begin bridging the gap between you and them.
They can become awesome benchmarks and sources of inspiration for growth when you’re first starting out on the path of growth, but once you have your course set you have to move on your own. With the principles you’ve learned from modeling, now you have to go out there and try to become better in your own way.
Most of the time we’ll hear or see things and it’ll sort of make sense to us, but nothing truly make sense until you make the experience yours.
Nothing beats first-hand experience.
Most people settle for second-hand knowledge but true power comes to you when you convert that second-hand knowledge to first-hand experience.
Surrounding yourself with those you want to learn from cuts your learning curve in half and helps you avoid a lot of mistakes, but you will gain very little on the sidelines.
The key is to the constant application of whatever you are learning, while accepting the fact that you will inevitable mess things up at times.
Let’s say you’re trying to become funny, and because you’ve surrounded yourself with funny friends you now understand what triggers laughter in others. What you need to do now it start building a belief that you too can be funny. How much belief you develop will determine whether or not people find you funny. Two people can say the same thing, but it’s only the one who has pure belief that what he is saying is funny that will make others laugh. The one who expects no one to laugh at the joke will communicate this insecurity through the subtle way their tonality drops at the end of their sentence or nervously laughs at his own attempt at humor.
Your foundational self-esteem and personality comes from your belief of what you’re entitled to. You won’t be funny unless you believe that you are (or can be) funny. Your beliefs define your reality, and thus affect your behavior.
This is why a lot of guys out there who read some of the greatest dating advice can’t seem to muster up the courage to talk to women. They probably have a first-hand experience that is sabotaging or contradicting whatever the second-hand education is saying.
Maybe it was that one time they approached a hot girl in grade school and was rejected with a harsh “ewww, you’re ugly.” This one first-hand experience may be responsible for a limiting belief that is negating any second-hand knowledge that says the opposite.
Your goal should always be to get to first-hand experience, so that you can build the belief pillars that will hold up who you are inside.
First-hand experience > Second-hand knowledge (direct) > Second-hand knowledge (indirect)
If you can’t get experience for yourself, the next best way is to get it from someone who is directly connected to you. Then there is indirect second-hand knowledge that you can get from books, audio tapes, DVDs, etc.
This also explains why so many men who get into self-help, reading hundreds of books and attending countless seminars, are unable to fix their lives even when they have “all the answers.” They want to become millionaires but they don’t truly believe that they can be. They have first-hand experiences that hold them back and neutralize all the surface level, empowering knowledge that they’ve learned.
This is why you have to get out there and test every piece of knowledge for yourself, while keeping those who are already there around you so that you have some real evidence to fall back on when you fall.
Let’s say you aren’t that great with approaching women on the street but you want to develop the ability. Imagine that the few times that you have attempted this you’ve been rejected so in the back of your mind you feel like it’s not possible to attract a woman who is passing you on the street. But then you heard of guys who were in your position but stuck to the process and eventually figured out how to do it. This second-hand knowledge gives you some hope that it’s possible, but you still don’t have the belief that you can do it.
What usually happens to most people at this stage is that they keep trying to push themselves to practice but don’t have enough leverage to stick through it. They just don’t have enough belief to fuel them forward.
This is why it’s important to surround yourself with someone who can show you the path to take, someone who used to be in your position or who you believe is not cut from a different cloth. They can get you off your ass and give you something to trust in, giving you faith when you need it. They’ll tell you to do something that may make no sense to you at all, something that you would have never done with your own will, but know exactly the lessons you’ll take away. All you have to do is trust that you’ll learn something and take the leap.
The key to true learning and growth towards ones goals becomes clear:
Get as many references from others as possible, but immerse yourself in the obtaining of first-hand experience. If you learn something new, try it out, see for yourself, and make it your own. When you hit an obstacle, come at it with a new angle after some feedback from your friends who have already been through it.
Something you can implement immediately is to do one thing each day that is out of your comfort zone. Just do something you haven’t tried in order to gain the experience. The more you do, the more trust you will build in what you are capable of. You have nothing do lose and everything to gain.
You will need to understand that this path comes with a lot of stumbling, and even, falling on your face a few times. I’ve found that the ones who learn the quickest are the ones who are willing to put their ego aside, and potentially make a fool of themselves for that first-hand experience.
You miss one hundred percent of the shots you don’t take”
- Wayne Gretzky
Gretzky also once said that he values an assist more than a goal. This is coming from the man who owns nearly every scoring record in National Hockey League History.  Nobody who is successful in this world got there alone, they had the help of mentors, mastermind groups, and good friends. This is why I love the guys within our community forums, because every guy is there to share feedback, knowledge, and experience with others in a positive and encouraging way.

Conclusion

Comedian Dane Cook invented the mighty super middle finger
If you’re trying to build a more attractive personality, the most effective way to do this is to surround yourself with people who are better than you in an area you want to improve. They give you the belief that it’s possible to get there, advice and feedback on the spot when you need it, and a competitive drive to fill the gap between where you are and where you want to be.
Whether you’re trying to learn how to be funnier, more confident with women, or more stylish, go out there and get as much DIRECT second-hand knowledge as possible, but remember to work harder to take action on it and make it your OWN (first-hand) experience. This in turn will create the BELIEF structure that will fuel you towards more growth in that area. Without any belief you won’t have the foundation to grow at all.
You have no excuse not to go out there and build a part of your personality. It’s easier than it sounds. Follow these principles and enjoy the ride. :) Thanks